HAIR TYPES & ETHNICITY (1)

I have the typical oriental hair- straight, thick and black. I used to yearn for my cousins’ natural curly hair when I was a teenager. The ‘Afro look’ was fashionable in those days so I subjected my hair to strong,  stinging chemicals and high heat to get curls at the hair salon. I thought Caucasians also had more fun with their multitude of hair colors that were easier to dye and style.

A former colleague who had natural curly hair straightened her hair regularly. She explained that her curls were very difficult to comb. They tangled and snapped easily. She used to tell me I was so lucky to have such a luxuriant head of straight hair. Guess this was a ‘Grass is greener on the other side syndrome’ with each person thinking the other person’s hair type looked much better. Now I have finally accepted my straight hair and appreciated its positive aspects- it is the hardiest and strongest among all hair types.

RACIAL HAIR TYPES

There are three major racial hair types with variations within each:

• The Asian (Far Eastern) hair type
  
  
• The Afro hair type
  
  
• The Caucasoid hair type

Each hair type has its own characteristics and special needs that determine the hair care routine and products to use.

What Happens TO AGING HAIR

Better healthcare and nutrition have enabled many more people to retain their physical vigor and relative youthfulness well into their silver years. When we compare middle age people with photographs of their grandparents taken at the same age, the most striking fact is how much older their grandparents looked. However, there is one aspect that has not improved significantly- hair, people’s crowning glory. Youth-conscious men still bemoan heir receding hairline and balding pate (male-pattern baldness) with advancing years and some women worry over increasingly sparse hair (female-pattern baldness).

Besides baldness, older people experience a number of other changes on their scalp.

1. HAIR COLOR

Gray hair is one of the most obvious sign of aging. It is due to decreasing levels of color pigment (melanin) produced by hair follicles. Hair becomes progressively lighter, eventually turning white due to absence of this pigment. Aging hair gets less UV protection due to decreased melanin.

What can cause the hair follicles to stop producing pigments? Pollution and exposure to UV radiation of the sun may trigger oxidative stress leading to damage to hair follicles.

In 2009, scientists in Europe described how hair follicles produce small amounts of hydrogen peroxide. This chemical builds on the hair shafts, which can lead to a gradual loss of hair color. (Wood, J.M et al. Senile hair graying: H2O2 mediated oxidative stress affect human hair color by blunting methionine sulfoxide repair. FASEB Journal

Some scientists speculated that there may be a ‘time clock’ that instruct melanocytes (melanin producing cells) to slow down production and eventually stop working as one ages. perhaps genes regulate the lifespan of each of these cells and they occur at different rates in individual hair follicles. That is why not all hair on the head turns gray at the same time.

2. HAIR THICKNESS CHANGE

By early 40s, the actual diameter of each strand of hair in people starts to shrink. Aging hair becomes finer due to shrinking size of hair follicles. The thickness of hair naturally becomes finer when the size of the opening for hair to emerge from its roots become smaller. Gradually, instead of producing terminal hair, affected hair follicles produce vellus hair, (the short, fine, fuzzy, colorless hair found on other parts of the body).

In women, Hair shaft diameter was more influenced by menopause. Postmenopausal women have finer and much less dense hair on the frontal scalp relative to pre-menopause.

3. DECREASED HAIR DENSITY

The rate of new hair growth slows and cannot replace the rate of natural shedding of hair from the scalp. Eventually many hair follicles stop producing new hairs altogether. The result is sparser hair or baldness in affected areas.

The number of active hair follicles may shrink 30 to 35 percent by age 60.

4. DULL, DRY HAIR

Einstein’s electrifying hair

Glossy or greasy hair of youth may turn into dull, dry hair in old age. This is because sebum [oil] production declines as people age.

After menopause, a woman’s scalp may be producing only half of what it did at its peak. Without the protection of sebum, the friction caused by hair rubbing against each other or from combing/brushing is more likely to lead to electrically charged static buildup. Unless you like the ‘Einstein look’, you will find that lack of lubrication from sebum makes hair feels rougher, looks duller, and is less manageable.

5. HAIR CURVATURE

Hair curvature change as one age, revealed a Japanese study. Besides higher curvature and less manageability, aged hair also is more vulnerable to damage (tiny kinks leave weak spots along the hair fiber). (Journal of structural biology, 10/2006)

NOTE: The study was conducted on Asian, not Caucasian women.

6. HAIR LIFESPAN

Hair goes through different phases in its lifespan. It has an active, growing phase, then stops growing and become dormant. The hair is shed at end of dormancy and a new phase with new hair growth begins.

With aging, there is a shorter active phase that produces fewer hairs, and these are smaller and of poorer quality than normal hair.

7. BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES

The hair produces substances that maintain its properties. A study in 2011 by two Japanese universities found levels of three molecules in hair altered with age. The finding was based on comparison of hair of subjects in their twenties to those in their fifties. The researchers propose these molecules can be possible markers for aging hair.

There are other chemicals produced by the body that trigger hair lost. However, they are not age specific, although more older people may get the condition.

As a result of the above changes, hair has less body, is less greasy, less smooth (which may be linked to curvature), weaker and less manageable. Generally, the hair aging process starts later in people with black hair.

The aging process of hair can be divided into two groups- intrinsic (internal) and extrinsic (external) factors*

Intrinsic factors:

•Genetic defects

•Hormones

•Age

•Body distribution (Where the hair is growing.)

Extrinsic factors:

•Climate

•Pollutants

•Toxins

•Chemical exposure

To a certain extent, hair damaged by both internal and external factors can be modified or improved through supplementation and lifestyle changes.

(Refer to articles from the TCM and Ayurveda perspective on factors that affect hair health and how to maintain the youthfulness of hair.)

* List of factors by Tom Dawson

A TREAT FOR YOUR HAIR THE AYURVEDA WAY

You can pamper your hair with an Ayurvedic treat each week to keep it healthy and beautiful. The basic procedure is easy to remember, but you will have to set aside time and preferably do it in an unhurried, stress-free environment.

Here is the basic procedure:

•Condition your hair with oil.

•Wash hair.

•Apply nutritious, herbal oil on hair when it has dried.

In addition, you can give your scalp a relaxing massage. A 1998 study found that massaging the scalp with a combination of several essential oils in a base of jojoba and grape seed oils improved new hair growth for 44 percent of patients suffering from alopecia areata (patchy hair loss). The report stated one patient dramatically completely regrew hair from an almost completely bald scalp!

1. CONDITION

Oils suitable for all hair types are sunflower, jojoba and olive oil.

If you have dandruff or infected scalp, add neem, clove, eucalyptus or tea tree oil.

•Vata hair: sesame / apricot / avocado / almond oil

•Pitta hair: coconut / grape seed / rice bran oil

•Kapha hair: olive / sesame / grape seed / soy / safflower oil.

In cold weather, you can add mustard oil to any of the above oils to warm the scalp.

2. WASH

You can add any one or a blend of the following ingredients to wash hair:

MAIN INGREDIENTS

Shikakai (Acacia concinna), soapnut / soapberry / soapbark / soaproot (There are a number of plants traditionally used as soap around the world so use what is available to you.), tea and vinegar

SECONDARY INGREDIENTS

Add any of the following ingredients to the main ingredients:

Besan powder (Chickpea/garbanzo flour milled from hulled roasted chickpea [Cicer arietinum])

Amla powder (Indian gooseberry, Emblica officinalis)

Hibiscus powder (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)

Gram flour [black (urad dal) / red (toor dal) / green (mung bean) ]

LIQUID MEDIUM

Mix above ingredients in a liquid medium such as milk, yogurt or warm water. The warm water helps to dissolve oil better.

For some bath recipes that uses soapnut, go to:

 GOOD SKINCARE NATURALLY [2]- Bath recipes 

Herbs that enhance skincare are also good for your hair. They may balance sebum production, have antiseptic properties, reduces inflammation or mitigate some of the damaging effects of the sun. Such herbs can be added to your hair wash or conditioner. You may use either fresh or dried herbs. Ready-made hydrosols, oils or essential oils are convenient choices as well.

If your hair needs another oiling after wash, use any of above oils stated in ‘1. Condition’ as base oil and add any of the following ingredients:

Sandalwood, coriander, bhringaraj, rose, rosemary, holy basil and lemongrass.

Certain herbs and oils are especially helpful to specific hair types although they may be used by other doshas.

•Vata skin benefits from the oils of Sea buckthorn, walnut, jojoba and vetiver .

•Herbs particularly helpful for Pitta hair are jasmine, sandalwood and brahmi.

•Kapha hair may benefit from occasional application of oil infusions with black pepper, nutmeg and/or cinnamon. These are warming herbs with antiseptic properties and help to improve sluggish circulation, which kapha constitution is prone.

•apply black seed/ black cumin seed oil either on its own or blended with another oil.

That’s quite a lot of herbs to choose from. The next step is to choose and use the herbs the Ayurveda way. If you feel overwhelmed by the choices, you can try Meera herbal hair wash and Meera conditioning oil. This is an ancient recipe using a blend of flowers and herbs such as shikakai, green gram, tulsi, vettiver, amla and much more. The recipe varies slightly among manufacturers. A word of caution: some unscrupulous manufacturers may use mineral oil and some man-made chemicals instead of using all natural ingredients. Therefore, read the ingredients list carefully before purchase.

MORE INGREDIENTS FOR YOUR HOMEMADE HAIR RECIPES

Ayurveda may consider hair to be  a byproduct of bone metabolism but the modern theory is that skin and hair are related. This is because a protein called keratin is an important component of both. Therefore, you can use many of the ingredients interchangeably.

Below are some articles from the main site, JUMBLEBOX HOME

GOOD SKINCARE NATURALLY [1]

http://jumblebox.webs.com/healthF/skincare1.html

(Check out the properties of ingredients in this page, which are suitable for both skin and hair.)

GOOD SKINCARE NATURALLY [1]- sunscreen

http://jumblebox.webs.com/healthF/sun.html

(Your hair need protection from damaging rays of the Sun. the oils in this page is good for both your skin and hair. The heavier oils act as sealant to prevent moisture from escaping whereas the lighter oil penetrates your hair to moisturize it. GRAPESEED oil has ceramides to fill in gaps in damaged hair.)

GOOD SKINCARE NATURALLY [3]- TONER INGREDIENTS

http://jumblebox.webs.com/healthF/toner2.html

(You can use many of the acidic ingredients mentioned in this article to balance the ph of your hair. If you have dry hair, avoid the strong astringent ingredients)

GOOD SKINCARE NATURALLY [4]- Oily Skin

http://jumblebox.webs.com/healthF/moisturize3.html

(The ingredients and recipes in this article are suitable for oily to normal hair as well.)

GOOD SKINCARE NATURALLY [3]- Skincare herbs

http://jumblebox.webs.com/healthF/toner3.html

(Depending on the needs of your hair, look for herbs that are antiseptic, antifungal, antibacterial, improve elasticity, moisturizing, maintain ph and oil balance, improve circulation, antioxidant)

GOOD SKINCARE NATURALLY [2]- Bath recipes

http://jumblebox.webs.com/healthF/bath2.html

(This article has some soapnut recipes)

AYURVEDA HAIR THEORY

According to Ayurveda, hair is a byproduct of bone tissue metabolism. The same tissues responsible for building bones are also responsible for the growth of hair. The quality of the hair is dependant on the quality of digestion from which nutrition is derived.

A poor diet can cause poor digestion, leading to accumulation of toxic buildup of partially digested food (ama). Impurities weaken production capacity of bones, which results in dull hair, weak nails and problem skin.

We are born with three *doshas with one dosha being dominant in most of us. Some people have two doshas that are almost balanced. When the tridoshas (vata, Pitta and Kapha) are out of balance, the health of our body and hair are compromised.

Look for the following characteristics to assess your hair type and the dosha that is in excess:

•VATA DOSHA: thin, dry, dull, lusterless, coarse or rough in texture, kinks in the hair, dry flakes from scalp (especially in winter), and have split-ends

•PITTA DOSHA: Soft, excessive oiliness and sweating in hot, humid weather, prematurely gray hair, flaky itchy scalp and more hair falls out than new growth leading to thinning hair.

•KAPHA DOSHA: Thick, wavy and excessive greasiness and dandruff.

Different healthcare systems have different theories about hair and ways to remedy hair problems. The important thing is that the remedies work! As the pragmatic Chinese like to say, “Black cat, white cat; the cat that catches rat is good cat!”

*dosha: characteristics that occur together as a group and each group is labeled as a specific dosha.

HAIRCARE THE AYURVEDA WAY

In the classic novel, ‘The Picture of Dorian Gray’ by Oscar Wilde, a beautiful young man called Dorian Gray wished his portrait would age rather than he. Dorian expressed the wish of many people who tried to keep the effects of the march of time at bay. They tried magic, potions and modern science to transplant hair or freeze the body to be revived some time in the future.

Many medical traditions have practical solutions to slow down or reduce the ravages of time on the hair and body. Ayurveda has a number of recommendations to do just that. Since this article is on aging hair, we will concentrate on your crowning glory but you can apply most of the same principles to your body.

AYURVEDIC RECOMMENDATIONS

Ayurveda preaches our whole lifestyle contributes to our well-being. Therefore, the recommendations will move from hair specific recommendations to general ones.

•Oil massage to improve circulation, relax and reduce tension.

•Wash to keep the hair clean. Dirt and oil buildup clog hair follicles, encourages growth of germs, fungus, parasites and irritates the scalp.

•Condition and nourish the hair to make it look better, feel better and more manageable.

The conditioner provides a protective sheath around each strand of hair.

•Exercise to keep fit and improve circulation. Your hair derives its nutrition from blood. Good circulation means more nutrition will go to feed your hair root.

•Ayurveda values yoga highly. The exercises give your body a workout and meditation keeps you calm and emotionally balanced thus relieving stress, a contributor to hair loss.

Breathing exercises expel stale air and bring fresh air into your body to provide oxygen for cell activities.

•Smell can influence your state of mind. Use aromatherapy to achieve your desired emotion. Certain herbal scents also help to clear the airways and assist your respiratory system to perform better.

•Nourish the body with a healthy diet suitable for each body type. A good diet gives you good quality hair. Eat junk food and the junk will end up in your hair. Remember, your hair stores stuff rejected by your body.

•Your beauty sleep is important. The body does housekeeping, cleaning and maintenance while you are deep asleep. Accumulated toxins in your body are not good for your body and hair. Aim for regular bedtime before 10 pm.

•Your hair protects your scalp from harmful rays of the blazing sun. Over time, the sun can damage your hair follicles. So protect your hair by wearing a hat, a scarf, a turban or use an umbrella.

HAIR HEALTH ACCORDING TO TCM (1)

According to the Chinese, premature aging and hair loss are due to imbalance or deficiency in our blood, kidney and liver meridians. When these problems are fixed, we will see improvement in our hair.

Strong, healthy lustrous hair that retains its natural color is reflection of healthy vitality of liver blood and kidney essence according to Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

HAIR HEALTH ACCORDING TO TCM (2): Kidney’s role

KIDNEY MERIDIAN

Functions of the kidney meridian encompass the urinary system, reproductive system, part of the endocrine system and autonomous nervous system.

TCM views the kidneys as the root of Qi (vital energy) and source of Jing (essences) for the entire body. Its health determines our youthfulness.

*The Kidney is the source of all primordial Yin and *primordial yang in the body.

* ‘YIN’ refers to tangible substances and bodily fluids such as tissues, blood, hormones, semen, urine etc. It has a cooling and moistening effect whereas its counterpart *‘YANG’ is energy that can move and transform substances. It is warming and drying. Yang is involved in growth, reproduction, fluid or water metabolism and blood circulation. Yang energy regulates the adrenal cortex. It is the force that enables organs to function.

Qi is a vital force that belongs to yang energy whereas Jing is a yin substance. Strong, healthy growing hair needs the sustenance of both blood and essence. Its vitality depends on Qi. Deficiencies of any one of these components leads to premature aging.

There are two types of kidney deficiencies. One is environmental and is due to factors such as poor diet, prolonged stress and overwork . Ingestion or exposure to toxic drugs or chemicals and chemotherapy may also weaken the kidneys.

The other type is an inherited weakness; both involve a deficiency of energy in the kidneys (kidney essence).

WESTERN VIEW

Modern Western medicine has identified the adrenal glands that sit atop each of our kidneys as the source of a number of important chemicals that affect many body processes and its malfunction can lead to hair loss. The important chemicals are adrenaline, sex hormones and Cortisol (hormones induced by stress).

Infection, anemia and illness also cause hair loss.

One of the signs of hypothyroidism is hair loss. Stress and iodine are known to be significant contributors to thyroid dysfunction. Both hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are due to problems related to hormones.

In Chinese Medicine, Adrenal Exhaustion and thyroid problem are recognized as weak Kidney Energy or Kidney Deficiency. When the cold energy of Yin in the kidneys is deficient, it is unable to suppress the hot, active yang energy. The unrestrained yang energy may go wild, producing an excess pattern. This leads to internal heat with symptoms such as tidal fever (fever that come and goes), night sweat and thirst.

In kidney deficiency, the organs are not able to send enough nourishment up to the head resulting in hair loss, insomnia, dizziness, headaches and hearing problems .

Hypothyroidism is classified as Yang Deficiency. Hyperthyroidism is considered a disease pattern of excess due to Yin Deficiency.

Prolonged yin deficiency eventually harms the yang energy leading to symptoms such as aversion to cold, cold extremities, infertility among others.

HAIR HEALTH ACCORDING TO TCM (3): Liver’s role

LIVER MERIDIAN

According to TCM, the liver is the general that directs all the other organs in their performance of bodily functions. Therefore, liver disharmony (from Qi stagnation, dampness, heat, etc.) will affect the proper functioning of other bodily processes.

The liver sends blood to all parts of the body and acts as a reservoir for any excess blood.

Liver Qi help move body fluids including blood to all tissues. How well the liver does its job greatly affects the level of energy, nutrients, hormones and disease fighting capability in the body. Stress, emotional repression and unhealthy lifestyle can trigger liver Qi stagnation. When this happens, many very important functions performed by various organs will be impaired. Moreover, in the blood vessels the Qi and blood move together.

If the free flow of the Qi is stagnated by the liver, the blood will in turn stagnate as well.

Since the liver help to detoxify the body together with the kidneys, stagnation will lead to toxin buildup, which will be reflected in the hair. Prolonged stagnation result in toxic heat flare up leading to many types of chronic illnesses including hyperthyroidism as well as impaired functioning or damage to other organs such as the heart, spleen, lungs etc.

The liver houses the ministerial fire, which is utilized for digestion. What this means is that digestion is a warm process and needs heat to function properly. Enzymes work most efficiently and optimally at a body temperature of 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Poor diet, improper eating habits, and diseases can affect digestion, transformation and absorption leading to malnutrition resulting in inadequate nourishment by the Qi and blood derived from food for the liver. This leads to liver blood deficiency and shows up as dry, brittle hair with split ends.

Patchy hair loss on the scalp or elsewhere (alopecia areata) is due to Liver and Kidney Yin Deficiency.

Prolonged deficiency of yin energy can lead to yang heat attacking blood in the body creating more Yin Deficiency and Deficiency of yang Heat.

Most people with alopecia areata have a combination of yin deficiency and toxic heat syndrome.

As one ages, qi, blood and jing will often decline, leading to hair loss, graying and white hair. The Chinese acknowledges the ‘heavenly factor’ (genes) has an influence on the matter. However, they also believe it is possible to keep aging hair healthy by replenishing the vital components that nourishes hair. When body and mind is balanced and in harmony through diet, exercise (both physical and mental), healthy habits and with a little help from herbs and acupuncture (when needed), our vital forces and body will be more vibrant , healthier and able to resist diseases better. This will be reflected in healthy, younger looking skin and hair.

A RESTFUL NIGHT

A tranquil mind brings restful sleep

Dinacharya- A Schedule for Health (4)

DOSHA: KAPHA

TIME SEGMENT:

6 p.m. - 10 p.m.

FUNCTIONS:

Calming and slowing down of bodily processes. This is the ‘winding down’ phase to prepare you mentally and physically for sleep.

ACTIVITIES:

• People rest and relax in different ways. Some prefer to be with friends or family. Others prefer time to themselves for hobbies, listening to music, practicing yoga, watching T.V. etc.

• Other ways to calm down and relax the mind are to engage in spiritual activities such as prayers, meditation, spiritual reading or reflecting on things to be thankful for that day.
  
  Engage in activities that make you feel happy, contented and satisfied so as to put you in a positive frame of mind. These feelings and attitude invoke the parasympathetic system, which is ***anabolic.

• Do not eat supper because your body will divert part of its energy for digestion instead of concentrating fully on repair and detoxification in the next Pitta phase. However, it is alright to drink beverages high in ‘tryptophan’ (an essential amino acid found in food), which aids sleep and makes you feel relaxed and happy. (Check out HAPPY FOODS for foods high in ‘tryptophan’.)

The Pericardium meridian is strongest at 8 p.m. Although the pericardium is not considered an organ in Western physiology, TCM view it as the protector of the heart both physically and energetically. Its fire-energy shields the heart against strong, negative emotional fluctuations in the body that may disrupt the healthy functioning of the heart. According to Chinese medical theory, different emotions can generate energy. Strong emotions can generate high levels of energies. The Pericardium keeps energy flow to the heart stable.

• Before retiring, unclutter your mind.

• Brush your teeth. Wash and clean yourself.

• Some find a massage very relaxing before bedtime. You can do the same massage as you had performed in the morning. Alternatively, have a warm footbath or massage the soles of your feet with warm oil.

• Just before bedtime, sit on your bed and do slow, deep breathing. You may play relaxing, soft music or chants in the background.  Pleasant scents also aid sleep. See Scent Of Sleep- Lavender, Jasmine for more scents that relaxes you.
  
  All these activities help calm your mind and keep energy flow steady, which is good for your heart.

• Sleep by 10 p.m. For the next nighttime Pitta phase, refer to RHYTHMS OF SLEEP 1B.

***Anabolic – Processes that occur when the body heals wounds, restores energy and creates new cells.

USEFUL LINK: Go to TIBBIT 1C- THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM IN AYURVEDA AND TCM and scroll down to TIME CHART OF THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK for circadian rhythm schedule according to Ayurveda and TCM.